Table 1 Summary of the control programs that successfully used Beauveria bassiana for crop protection from 2009 to 2019
From: Toward the efficient use of Beauveria bassiana in integrated cotton insect pest management
Continent | Country or region | Application strategy (alone or combined with other biocontrol agents) | Target pest | Crops / bio-assay condition | Inoculation Method | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | Benin | Alone | Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) | Cabbage leaves | Each disinfected leaf was dipped individually into 108 mL−1 conidia suspension (inoculum) of tested fungal specie for 1 min and introduced into a 2.5 cm × 7 cm plastic tube | Vodouhe et al. (2009) |
Africa | Benin | Alone | Cotton bollworm H. armigera. (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) | Laboratory experimentation | Applying topically to inoculate larvae by two B. bassiana isolates (Bb11 and Bb12) at 108 conidia·mL−1 on the third, fourth, fifth and the sixth instars of H. armigera | Douro et al. (2012b) |
Africa | Benin | Alone | Cotton bollworm H. armigera. (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) | Laboratory experimentation | Applying topically to inoculate larvae by B.bassiana (isolate Bb11) at 0, 104, 105, 106, 107 conidia·mL−1 on fourth instars of H. armigera | Douro et al. (2012a ) |
Africa | Benin | Combined with Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil | Earias spp., Diparopsis watersi Rothschild (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), H. armigera, P. gossypiella, C. leucotreta and Dysdercus voelkeri Schmidt (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) | Cotton (Field evaluation) | Foliar sprays | Togbé et al. (2014) |
Africa | Benin | Alone | Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) | Experiments under laboratory conditions | Applying 2 μL of conidia suspension (107, 108, 109 and 1010 conidia·mL−1) formulated in peanut oil on different larval stages (first, second, third, fourth and the fifth instars) | Toffa-Mehinto et al. (2014) |
Africa | Egypt | Alone | Red Palm weevil (R. ferrugineus (Oliv.)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) | Red Palm trees | 1-injection of B. bassiana in naturally infested palm trees | Sewify et al. (2009) |
2-periodical dusting application of fungal spores on palm trees | ||||||
3- release of contaminated males of red palm weevil with fungal spores | ||||||
Africa | Egypt | Alone | Red Palm weevil (R. ferrugineus (Oliv.)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) | Red Palm trees under Laboratory and Field Conditions. | – | El-Sufty et al. (2009) |
Africa | Kenya | Alone or Combined with The predator Teretrius nigrescens Lewis (Col.: Histeridae) | Larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)) | stored maize | Two doses (1 × 109 CFU·kg−1 maize and 1 × 1010 CFU·kg−1 maize) of B. bassiana, with and without the predator, T. nigrescens, were applied to maize infested with P. truncatus | Nboyine et al. (2015) |
– | Mediterranean Basin | Alone | The Red Palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier 1790)) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) | Red Palm, bioassay in laboratory conditions | - immersion of eggs, larvae and adults in conidial aqueous suspension at different concentrations | Dembilio et al. (2010) |
Africa | Nigeria | Alone | Flea beetle Podagrica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) | Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (L.) Moench | Botanigard 22WP (Beauveria bassiana strain GHA) was mixed with water in a knapsack sprayer and applied toon okra leaves from 2 weeks after planting plants at 3–57 g per 1.5 L of water and repeated at weekly interval for 6 weeks. | Kudemepo et al. (2018) |
America | Brazil | Alone and Combined with neem oil formulation (Neemseto®). | The aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) | Kale, Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C | Leaf discs dipping or spraying the aphids | Araujo et al. (2009) |
America | Brazil | Alone | Cosmopolites sordidus adults (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). | Bioassay in Laboratory | The beetles were immersed in a fungal suspension in the concentration of 1.12 × 109 conidia·mL−1 | Almeida et al. (2009) |
America | Brazil | Alone | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) | Eucalyptus camaldulensis, | At 1.0 × 108 conidia·mL−1, solution was applied on leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, provided as food for the insect substrates | Lorencetti et al. (2018) |
America | Colombia | Alone | Various pests species and diseases | Phaseolus vulgaris | 108 conidiamL−1 (or water) applied either as a foliar spray or a soil drench | Parsa et al. (2013) |
America | USA | Alone | The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda); beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni). | Bio-assay in Laboratory | Larvae were topically sprayed and maintained on the treated substrate for 24 h at 100% relative humidity | Wraight et al. (2010) |
America | USA | Alone | The small southern pine engraver, Ips avulsus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) | Pine bolt | Field treatment by a commercial preparation of B. bassiana in protecting pine host plant tissue from colonization | Olatinwo et al. (2018) |
– | – | Alone | Citrus insect pests, Ceratitis rosa Karsch, C. capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) | In laboratory conditions | – | Goble et al. (2011) |
Asia | China | Alone | The white worms of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in China | In laboratory conditions | – | Xu et al. (2011) |
Asia | China | Alone | The onion thrips Thrips tabaci ‘adult and larval stages’ | Broccoli, onion: in laboratory and greenhouse evaluation | Apply at 1 × 107 mL− 1 conidia | Wu et al. (2013) |
Asia | China | Alone and Combined with predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) | The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) | Greenhouse cucumber | – | Wu et al. (2016) |
Asia | China | Alone | Dendrolimus punctatus | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | By dipping larvae with spore suspensions | Wang et al. (2016) |
Asia | India | Alone | The diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella Linn.) | Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata | Spraying of different concentrations of B. bassiana | Kamal et al. (2018). |
Asia | India | Alone | H. armigera, Spodoptera litura Fabricius, Earias vittella Fabricius, Aphis gossypii Glover, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and Amrasca devastans Distant | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | The liquid formulations tested were Beevicide and sprayed | Karthikeyan and Selvanarayanan (2011) |
Asia | Indian subcontinent | Alone | Spodoptera litura (Fab.), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) | Bio-assay in laboratory using fresh cotton leaves | The fungal inoculum (10 mL per insect individual of aqueous suspension of 108 conidia·mL−1 with 0.02% Tween 80) was sprayed on the larvae | Vijayavani et al. (2009). |
– | – | Combined with the predactor Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseidae) | Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | 1.9 × 103 CFU per insect | Wu et al. (2015) |
Asia | Iran | Alone | Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus granarius, and Tribolium castaneum | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | Commercially produced, formulated conidia of B. bassiana strain PPRI 5339 (BbWeevil™, Biological Control Products, South Africa) containing 2.9 × 109 conidia per gram of powder was used, Formulation was applied at five rates of: 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 mg·kg−1. Fifteen lots of 1 kg of wheat grain (one lot for each exposure time-rate) were prepared and placed in separate cylindrical jars (2l capacity with screwed lids) and treated with the appropriate dose | Khashaveh et al. (2011) |
Asia | Iran | Alone | Adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) | Bioassay in laboratory using stored grain of wheat and cowpea | Adults were tested with five 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 mg·kg−1 and exposure intervals of 5, 10 and 15 days, in (24 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5)% relative humidity | Khashaveh et al. (2011) |
Asia | Jordan | Combined with neem (Azadirachta indica) tree extract | Thrips tabaci Lindeman (1889)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) | Potted tomato plants in a greenhouse | -Topical application of a mixture of the two control agents | Al-mazra’awi et al. (2009) |
-Topical application of B. bassiana and a drenching application of neem tree extract | ||||||
Europe and Asia | Turkey | Alone | June beetle, Polyphylla fullo (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | -B. bassiana strain PPRI 5339,product (min. 4 × 109 conidia·mL−1) was applied at 100, 150, and 200 mL per 100 L water | Erler and Ates (2015) |
Europe | Bulgaria | Alone | Tetranychus urticae Koch.(Acari:Tetranychidae) | Laboratory conditions | treated by spraying conidial suspensions of isolates at concentrations of 106, 107 and 108 conidia/ml. Lethal | Draganova and Simova (2010) |
Europe | Central Europe | Alone | Ips typographus, spruce bark beetle | Spruce | Tested by direct contact | Mudrončeková et al. (2013) |
Europe | France | Alone | The pollen beetles (Meligethes spp.) | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | Spraying of an oil formulation of Beauveria bassiana | Kaiser et al. (2016) |
Europe | Germany | Alone | -vine mealybug (Planococcus ficus) | Bioassay in greenhouse and field experiments with grapevine Vitis vinifera (L.) | Applied either as conidial suspensions (ATCC 74040 and GHA) or as a formulated product (Naturalis®, strain ATCC 74040) on grapevine leaves. | Rondot and Reineke (2018) |
- grape leafhopper (Empoasca vitis) | ||||||
Europe | Hungary | Alone | Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | Applying at 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 and 3.7 × 109 conidia mL− 1. | Yeșılayer (2018) |
Europe | Romania | Alone | Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) | Bioassay in laboratory conditions | 2 g/L water concentration of B. bassiana | Hasyim et al. (2017) |
Europe | UK | Combined with predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseidae) | Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) | Bean plants | single application of B. bassiana (1 × 108 spore per mL) after application of the low release rate of P. persimilis (5 prey:1 predator) | Ullah and Lim (2017) |
Oceania | Australia | Alone | Aphis gossypii and Chortoicetes terminifera | Cotton, wheat, corn, pumpkin, bean, tomato | Feeding larvae using leaves colonized by the entomopathogens B. bassiana | Gurulingappa et al. (2010). |
Oceania | New Zealand | Alone | Bark beetle pests of plantation forest trees | Radiata pine | Inoculation of seed and seedlings | Brownbridge et al. (2012) |