Fig. 3

Bodies, internal genitals, and fecundity of four morphs in cotton aphid. a Body, internal genital, forewing and underwing morphologies of WLPF, WPF, GP, and male obtained in laboratory condition. ov, ovariole; ag, accessory gland; t, testes. Scale bars, 0.2 mm. b Length of forewing and underwing of WPF, GP, and male. c Body length of WLPF, WPF, GP, and male with the exception of antennae and wings. d Fecundity of WLPF, WPF, and GP. The offspring of individual WLPF, WPF, and GP were counted. Asterisk indicates significant differences between two morphs (Student’s t test, **, P < 0.01). Different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) obtained using Tukey’s multiple range tests. The length of wings and body of more than 25 individual adults for each morph were measured using a SteREO Discovery V8 microscope. More than 30 individual adults for each morph were observed daily for counting their offspring until death. The values in all panels represent mean ± SE. WLPF, wingless parthenogenetic female; WPF, winged parthenogenetic female; GP, gynopara