Fig. 4

Pairwise comparison of DEGs between wing and wingless morphs. a Number of DEGs in the paired comparison between winged morphs and WLPF. DEGs between WPF and WLPF were from a recent study (Ji et al. 2019). b Distribution of DEGs in the pairwise comparison between wing and wingless morphs. WLPF, wingless parthenogenetic female; WPF, winged parthenogenetic female; GP, gynopara; Up, upregulated; and Down, downregulated