Table 2 Impact of various metal/metal oxide nanoparticles on cotton plants

Cerium Oxide (CeO₂NPs)

Size (nm): 10 ± 3.2

Conc. (mg^. L^− 1): 0, 100, 500, 2 000

Merchant

Bt 29317

& Jihe 321

Growth chamber

Decreased plant height, shoot and root biomass with various dose treatments;

Decreased nutrient element content (Na, Ca, Zn, Mg, and Fe) in roots.

Li et al. 2014; Nhan et al. 2015

Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂ NPs)

Size (nm): <  30

Conc. (mg^. L^− 1): 0, 10, 100, 500, 2 000

Merchant

Bt-29312

& Jihe 321

Growth chamber

Decreased plant height, shoot and root biomass;

Altered Na content in roots and Mg, Cu contents in shoots;

Increased SOD activity, IAA concentration.

Nhan et al. 2014

Copper Oxide (CuO NPs)

Size (nm): <  30

Conc. (mg^. L^− 1): 0, 10, 200, 1 000

Merchant

Ipt-cotton

Growth chamber

Negatively effect on plant height, number of root hairs, root length, and shoot biomass with higher dose;

Inhibition of the synthesis of phytohormones (IAA, ABA, GA, and t- ZR);

Increased iPA concentration, that might have resulted in delayed senescence.

Nhan et al. 2016c

Bt 29317 & Jihe 321

Growth chamber

Inhibited the growth in both transgenic and conventional cottons;

Reduced uptake of nutrients (Mo, B, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn);

Lower dose treatment improved the Bt toxin expression in Bt-transgenic cotton.

Nhan et al. 2016b

Ferric Oxide (Fe₂O₃ NPs)

Size (nm): <  50

Conc.(mg^. L⁻¹): 0, 100, 1 000

Merchant

Bt 29317 & Jihe 321

Growth chamber

Inhibited plant height of Bt-transgenic cotton;

Promoted abundance of root hairs, and biomass of conventional cotton;

Increased Fe, Na and K nutrients content and phytohormones in the roots of Bt-transgenic cotton at low Fe₂O₃ NP exposure;

Decreased Zn contents in roots of Bt-transgenic cotton;

Increased Bt-toxin level in roots and leaves of Bt-transgenic cotton.

Nhan et al. 2016a

Zinc Oxide (ZnO NPs)

Size (nm): 2 to 54

Conc. (mg^. L⁻¹): 25, 50, 75, 100, 200

Using algal extract (from Halimeda tuna) as reducing agent

Non-transgenic

Growth chamber

Promoted the growth, photosynthetic pigment levels, biomass, and protein contents;

Declined MDA production;

Improved the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes;

Enhanced SOD and POX isoenzymes expression levels.

Venkatachalam et al. 2017

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)

Size (nm): 59.2

Conc. (mg^. L⁻¹): 100

Using plant extract (from Pluchea sericea & Prosopis glandulosa) as reducing agent

Transgenic

Growth chamber

AgNPs from P. glandulosa exhibited greater efficiency than AgNPs from P. sericea in scaling down the infection in the plants contaminated with Fusarium solani.

Abdelmoteleb et al. 2018