Table 2 Effect of N level on fibre strength
From: Effect of nitrogen application level on cotton fibre quality
Year | Location | Country | N levels in kg·ha−1 | Instrument | Remarks | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1944–1946 | Rocky Mount, North Carolina | US | 11,39 & 67 | Pressley | Significant reduction in Pressley Index from 11 to 39 kg·ha−1 and significant increase in Pressley Index from 39 to 67 kg·ha−1 | Nelson (1949) | ||||||
1951–1960 | Brawley, California | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Pressley | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Bennett et al. (1967) | ||||||
1956–1962 | Thorsby, Alabama | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Pressley | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Bennett et al. (1967) | ||||||
1959–1960 | Brawley, California | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No clear trend with increased N application levels | MacKenzie and Schaik (1963) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Magnum, Oklahoma | US | 0, 44, 67, 90 & 112 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Murray et al. (1965) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 44, 67, 90 & 112 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Murray et al. (1965) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Unknown | US | 0, 28, 54, 80, 120, 134, 161 & 187 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Perkins and Douglas (1965) | ||||||
1963–1965 | Yuma, Arizona | US | 84 & 224 | Pressley | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Jackson and Tilt (1968) | ||||||
1965–1980 | Eight locations | Greece | 0, 60, 50, 100, 120, 150,180 & 200 | Stelometer | No clear trend with increased N application levels | |||||||
1967 | Fresno County, California | US | 56, 105, 224, 343 & 392 | Stelometer with 3.2Â mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | |||||||
1967 | Kent County, California | US | 0, 41, 140, 239 & 280 | Stelometer with 3.2Â mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | |||||||
1972–1973 | Kimberley, Western Australia | Australia | 34, 112, 168 & 225 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Hearn (1976) | ||||||
1973–1974 | Unknownb | US | 0, 45 & 90 | Stelometer with both 0 and 3.2 mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Koli and Morrill (1976a) | ||||||
1974 | Narrabri, New South Wales | Australia | 0, 40, 80 &Â 160 | Stelometer with 3.2Â mm gauge | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Constable and Hearn (1981) | ||||||
1975–1978 | Narrabri, New South Wales | Australia | 0, 50, 100 & 150 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Constable and Hearn (1981) | ||||||
1984–1986 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 56, 112 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Boman and Westerman (1994) | ||||||
1989–2004 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 & 225 | HVI | Slight but significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Girma et al. (2007) | ||||||
1991–1992 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 112 & 150 | Stelometer | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Pettigew et al. (1996) | ||||||
1991–1992 | Uvalde, Texasa | US | 0, 67, 135, 202 & 269 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Tewolde and Fernandez (2003) | ||||||
1992–1996 | Mississippi Delta | US | 101, 135, 168 & 202 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Ebelhar et al. (1996) | ||||||
1995–1998 | Hama | Syria | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 | Stelometer & Pressley | No significant differences in fibre strength as measured by stelometer and elongation as measured by pressley with increased N application levels | Janat and Somi (2002) | ||||||
1996–1998 | Florence, South Carolina | US | 0, 78 & 112 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Bauer and Roof (2004) | ||||||
1997–2000 | Winnsboro, Louisianab | US | 90, 112, 134 & 157 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Boquet (2005) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Fresno, Californiaa | US | 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Fritschi et al. (2003) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Gizaa | Egypt | 95 & 143 | Stelometer with 3.2 mm gauge | Small but significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Sawan et al. (2006) | ||||||
1998–2000 | San Joaquin Valley, California | US | 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Fritschi et al. (2003) | ||||||
1999 | Thrall, Texasb | US | 0, 56, 112 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | McFarland et al. (1999) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Mississippi, Louisiana | US | Small scale trial with control and 20% at first flower & 0% at first flower | Stelometer | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Read et al. (2006) | ||||||
2001–2002 | Unknown | Syria | 50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 | Stelometer & Pressley | Small but insignificant differences in fibre strength as measured by stelometer and elongation as measured by pressley with increased N application levels | Janat (2008) | ||||||
2003–2004 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 80 & 160 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Gormus (2005) | ||||||
2001–2004 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 112 in four different application methods | Stelometer | No significant differences in fibre strength and elongation with increased N application levels | Pettigew and Adamczyk (2006) | ||||||
2005 | Nanjing, Jiangsu | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Significant increase in strength up to 240 kg·ha−1 with a significant decrease above 240 kg·ha−1 | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2005 | Xuzhou, Jiangsu | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Significant increase in strength up to 240 kg·ha−1 with a significant decrease above 240 kg·ha−1 | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2005–2006 | Multan, Punjab | Pakistan | 0, 50, 100 & 150 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength or elongation with increased N application levels | Afzal et al. (2018) | ||||||
2006 | Faisalabad, Punjab | Pakistan | 0, 60, 120 & 180 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength or elongation with increased N application levels | Saleem et al. (2010) | ||||||
2007 | Anyang, Henan | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Significant increase in strength up to 240 kg·ha−1 with a significant decrease above 240 kg·ha−1 | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2009–2012 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 56 & 112 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | |||||||
2008–2010 | Varamin, Tehran | Iran | 200, 300, 350 & 400 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with no clear trend for elongation with increased N application levels | Madani and Oveysi (2015) | ||||||
2008–2010 | Gorgan, Golestan | Iran | 200, 300, 350 & 400 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with no clear trend for elongation with increased N application levels | Madani and Oveysi (2015) | ||||||
2009–2010 | Varamin, Tehran | Iran | 0, 100, 200 & 300 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Rashidi and Gholami (2011), Hossein et al. (2014) and Seilsepour and Rashidi (2011) | ||||||
2009 | Mississippi, Louisiana | US | 0 & 100 | HVI | Small but significant decrease in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Lokhande and Reddy (2015) | ||||||
2010–2011 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Gormus et al. (2016a) | ||||||
2011 | Torreón, Coahuila | Mexico | 0, 50, 100 & 150 | Unknown | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Hernandes-Cruz et al. (2015) | ||||||
2011–2012 | Yellow River Delta, Hebei | China | 0, 120, 240 & 480 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels. There was, however, no effect on elongation | Chen et al. (2019) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 70, 140 & 210 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Echer et al. (2020) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul | Brazil | 0, 40, 80, 120 &160 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength or elongation with increased N application levels | Leal et al. (2020) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Gormus and El Sagagh (2016b) | ||||||
2013 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 39, 67, 101, 135 & 168 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Sui et al. (2017) | ||||||
2014 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | Significant increase in fibre strength with 56 kg·ha−1 with no further changes in fibre strength | Sui et al. (2017) | ||||||
2013–2014 | New Delhi | India | 100, 125, 150 & 175 | Pressley 0 gauge | Significant decrease in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Verna et al. (2017) | ||||||
2016–2018 | Suffolk, Virginia | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
2016–2017 | Lewiston-Woodside, North Carolina | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
2018 | Yale, Virginia | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
Unknown | Gizaa | Egypt | 107 & 161 | Stelometer with 3.2Â mm gauge | No significant differences in fibre strength with increased N application levels | Sawan et al. (1997) | ||||||