The efficacy of chemical topping in field-grown cotton is mediated by drip irrigation amount in irrigated agricultural area

TIAN, Yu; LIAO, Baopeng; HAN, Huanyong; WANG, Fangyong; DU, Mingwei; TIAN, Xiaoli; LI, Zhaohu

doi:10.1186/s42397-022-00124-9

Table 2 Effect of drip irrigation amounts (I) and MC_EW rate (MC) on chlorophyll fluorescence parameter during the cotton growing seasons

From: The efficacy of chemical topping in field-grown cotton is mediated by drip irrigation amount in irrigated agricultural area

Year	Treatment combination	Peak flowering stage				Peak boll stage				Boll opening stage
Year	Treatment combination	F_v/F_m	φPSII	qP	NPQ	F_v/F_m	φPSII	qP	NPQ	F_v/F_m	φPSII	qP	NPQ
2013	I₁MC₁	0.84 ab	0.34 def	0.36 f	0.48 ef	0.86 a	0.40 ef	0.46 de	0.73 d	0.86 a	0.38 a	0.40 b	0.64 f
	I₁MC₂	0.84 ab	0.33 ef	0.34 g	0.63 d	0.86 cd	0.36 gh	0.43 g	0.84 b	0.83 cd	0.35 b	0.38 cd	0.80 cd
	I₁MC₃	0.84 ab	0.31 g	0.31 h	0.69 c	0.85 cd	0.36 h	0.42 g	0.88 a	0.83 d	0.32 d	0.33 f	0.94 a
	I₁MT	0.84 ab	0.33 ef	0.34 g	0.45 ef	0.86 abc	0.38 fg	0.44 f	0.71 d	0.84 bcd	0.35 b	0.37 de	0.82 bc
	I₂MC₁	0.84 ab	0.35 de	0.41 d	0.75 b	0.86 bc	0.41 de	0.47 d	0.77 c	0.84 abc	0.29 e	0.35 f	0.87 b
	I₂MC₂	0.84 ab	0.36 cd	0.43 c	0.68 c	0.86 bc	0.44 bc	0.51 bc	0.67 e	0.85 ab	0.35 b	0.41 a	0.63 f
	I₂MC₃	0.83 b	0.33 f	0.40 e	0.83 a	0.86 ab	0.41 de	0.47 d	0.77 c	0.84 abc	0.32 d	0.39 bc	0.75 de
	I₂MC_T	0.84 ab	0.34 def	0.40 de	0.61 d	0.86 abc	0.43 cd	0.50 c	0.73 d	0.85 ab	0.33 bcd	0.39 b	0.72 e
	I₃MC₁	0.83 ab	0.37 c	0.43 c	0.61 d	0.85 d	0.40 ef	0.47 d	0.79 c	0.84 bcd	0.33 cd	0.34 f	0.98 a
	I₃MC₂	0.86 a	0.37 c	0.44 c	0.60 d	0.86 bc	0.38 fg	0.45 ef	0.82 b	0.85 abc	0.35 b	0.36 de	0.87 b
	I₃MC₃	0.84 ab	0.39 b	0.46 b	0.50 e	0.86 a	0.48 a	0.55 a	0.62 f	0.86 a	0.38 a	0.39 bc	0.70 e
	I₃MT	0.83 ab	0.40 a	0.48 a	0.43 f	0.86 bc	0.45 b	0.52 b	0.61 f	0.85 ab	0.35 bc	0.36 e	0.72 e
2014	I₁MC₁	0.83 ab	0.43 a	0.40 g	0.74 f	0.85 ab	0.42 bc	0.49 cd	0.65 f	0.84 a	0.41 a	0.43 ab	0.85 d
	I₁MC₂	0.82 b	0.40 b	0.37 h	0.84 e	0.84 bcd	0.38 ef	0.44 f	0.76 e	0.84 a	0.36 cd	0.38 e	0.86 d
	I₁MC₃	0.82 b	0.36 cd	0.33 i	0.97 d	0.83 cd	0.33 g	0.39 h	0.82 d	0.82 ab	0.35 d	0.38 e	0.89 d
	I₁MT	0.83 ab	0.40 b	0.36 h	0.76 f	0.84 abc	0.36 f	0.42 g	0.73 e	0.83 ab	0.38 bc	0.40 d	0.88 d
	I₂MC₁	0.83 ab	0.35 de	0.42 ef	1.12 b	0.83 d	0.43 ab	0.53 ab	0.95 c	0.80 c	0.32 f	0.40 cd	1.04 c
	I₂MC₂	0.83 ab	0.37 c	0.46 c	1.05 c	0.83 d	0.44 a	0.53 a	0.96 c	0.82 abc	0.36 cd	0.44 a	0.85 d
	I₂MC₃	0.82 ab	0.35 de	0.43 de	1.27 a	0.84 bcd	0.39 de	0.46 e	1.15 a	0.80 c	0.33 ef	0.42 bcd	1.09 bc
	I₂MT	0.83 ab	0.34 e	0.42 f	1.13 b	0.83 cd	0.42 bc	0.50 c	1.04 b	0.82 abc	0.33 ef	0.40 cd	1.20 a
	I₃MC₁	0.83 ab	0.34 e	0.41 f	0.92 d	0.84 abc	0.37 f	0.43 f	0.95 c	0.81 abc	0.29 g	0.31 f	1.24 a
	I₃MC₂	0.84 a	0.36 cd	0.44 d	0.74 f	0.84 bcd	0.40 cd	0.47 de	0.92 c	0.81 bc	0.35 de	0.38 e	1.12 b
	I₃MC₃	0.85 a	0.40 b	0.48 b	0.85 e	0.86 a	0.44 a	0.52 b	0.81 d	0.84 ab	0.39 ab	0.42 ab	1.10 bc
	I₃MT	0.84 ab	0.41 b	0.49 a	0.75 f	0.86 a	0.42 bc	0.49 cd	0.77 de	0.82 abc	0.38 b	0.42 abc	1.07 bc
	Source of variance
	Year (Y)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.004	0.499	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Drip irrigation (I)	0.046	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.015	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	MC_EW rate (MC)	0.497	0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.023	0.126	0.024	< 0.001	0.603	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Y × I	0.092	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.010	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.030	0.071	< 0.001
	Y × MC	0.608	0.286	0.024	< 0.001	0.610	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.725	0.034	< 0.001	< 0.001
	I × MC	0.010	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	Y × I × MC	0.710	0.007	< 0.001	0.036	0.344	0.008	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.650	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

MC_EW represents a 25% mepiquat chloride emulsion in water; I₁, I₂, and I₃ represent 300, 480, and 660 mm drip irrigation amounts, respectively; MT, MC₁, MC₂, and MC₃ represent manual topping as control, 450, 750, and 1 050 mL·hm⁻² MC_EW, respectively. Fv/Fm, φPSII, qP, and NPQ represent the primary light energy conversion efficiency of PSII in the dark, quantum yield of PSII, coefficient of photochemical quenching, and coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching, respectively. For each year, values in one column followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05

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