Table 3 Effect of N level on micronaire
From: Effect of nitrogen application level on cotton fibre quality
Year | Location | Country | N levels in kg·ha−1 | Instrument | Remarks | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1944–1946 | Rocky Mount, North Carolina | US | 11,39 & 67 | Arealometer | No significant differences in fineness with increased N application levels | Nelson (1949) | ||||||
1951–1960 | Brawley, California | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Micronaire | Increase in micronaire with increased N application levels | Bennett et al. (1967) | ||||||
1956–1962 | Thorsby, Alabama | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Micronaire | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Bennett et al. (1967) | ||||||
1959–1960 | Brawley, California | US | 0, 107, 214 & 321 | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | MacKenzie and Schaik (1963) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Magnum, Oklahoma | US | 0, 44, 67, 90 & 112 | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Murray et al. (1965) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 44, 67, 90 & 112 | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Murray et al. (1965) | ||||||
1961–1963 | Unknown | US | 0, 28, 54, 80, 120, 134, 161 & 187 | Arealometer | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Perkins and Douglas (1965) | ||||||
1963–1965 | Yuma, Arizona | US | 84 & 224 | Unknown | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Jackson and Tilt (1968) | ||||||
1965–1980 | Eight locations | Greece | 0, 60, 50, 100, 120, 150,180 & 200 | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | |||||||
1967 | Fresno County, California | US | 56, 105, 224, 343 & 392 | Micronaire | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | |||||||
1967 | Kern County, California | US | 0, 41, 140, 239 & 280 | Micronaire | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | |||||||
1972–1973 | Kimberley, Western Australia | Australia | 34, 112, 168 & 225 | Micronaire | Significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Hearn (1976) | ||||||
1973–1974 | Unknownb | US | 0, 45 & 90 | Micronaire | Although not significant a clear reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Koli and Morrill (1976a) | ||||||
1972–1983 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 44, 90& 135 | Micronaire | In less than ideal conditions (e.g., short seasons, excessive rain in the fall, low temperatures), high N application levels tended to delay maturity, resulting in more immature fibres and reduced micronaire. While in the opposite (e.g., under the opposite conditions from those listed above), fibres tend to be more mature and thus increased micronaire. However, as these micronaire results were within the base grade (3.5 to 4.9) and hence resulted in no discounts, the differences were of little practical importance | |||||||
1974 | Narrabri, New South Wales | Australia | 0, 40, 80 &160 | Arealometer | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Constable and Hearn (1981) | ||||||
1975–1978 | Narrabri, New South Wales | Australia | 0, 50, 100 & 150 | Arealometer | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Constable and Hearn (1981) | ||||||
1984–1986 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 56, 112 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Boman and Westerman (1994) | ||||||
1989–2004 | Altus, Oklahoma | US | 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 & 225 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Girma et al. (2007) | ||||||
1991–1992 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 112 & 150 | Arealometer | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Pettigew et al. (1996) | ||||||
1991–1992 | Lakhasti | India | 0, 40, 80 & 120 | Unknown | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Chand et al. (1997) | ||||||
1991–1992 | Uvalde, Texasa | US | 0, 67, 135, 202 & 269 | HVI | Small but significant decrease in micronaire with increased N application levels | Tewolde and Fernandez (2003) | ||||||
1992–1996 | Mississippi Delta | US | 101, 135, 168 & 202 | HVI | Significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Ebelhar et al. (1996) | ||||||
1995–1998 | Hama | Syria | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 |  Unknown | Small decrease in micronaire with increased N application levels | Janat and Somi (2002) | ||||||
1996–1998 | Florence, South Carolina | US | 0, 78 & 112 | HVI | Small but significant increase in micronaire with increased N application levels | Bauer and Roof (2004) | ||||||
1997–2000 | Winnsboro, Louisianab | US | 90, 112, 134 & 157 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Boquet (2005) | ||||||
1998–2000 | San Joaquin Valley, California | US | 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Fritschi et al. (2003) | ||||||
1999 | Thrall, Texasb | US | 0, 56, 112 & 224 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | McFarland et al. (1999) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Mississippi | US | Small scale trial with control and 20% at first flower & 0% at first flower | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Read et al. (2006) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Fresno, Californiaa | US | 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | Small but significant decrease in micronaire, in all likelihood due to delay in maturity, with increased N application levels | Fritschi et al. (2003) | ||||||
1999–2000 | Gizaa | Egypt | 95 & 143 | Micronaire | Small but significant increase in micronaire with increased N application levels | Sawan et al. (2006) | ||||||
2001–2002 | Unknown | Syria | 50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 | Unknown | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Janat (2008) | ||||||
2003–2004 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 80 & 160 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Gormus (2005) | ||||||
2001–2004 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 112 in four different application methods | Arealometer | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Pettigew and Adamczyk (2006) | ||||||
2005 | Nanjing, Jiangsu | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Small but significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2005 | Xuzhou, Jiangsu | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Small but significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2005–2006 | Multan, Punjab | Pakistan | 0, 50, 100 & 150 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Afzal et al. (2018) | ||||||
2006 | Faisalabad, Punjab | Pakistan | 0, 60, 120 & 180 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Saleem et al. (2010) | ||||||
2007 | Anyang, Henan | China | 0, 240 & 480 | HVI | Small but significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Zhao et al. (2012) | ||||||
2009–2012 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 56 & 112 | HVI | Significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | |||||||
2008–2010 | Varamin, Tehran | Iran | 200, 300, 350 & 400 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Madani and Oveysi (2015) | ||||||
2008–2010 | Gorgan, Golestan | Iran | 200, 300, 350 & 400 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Madani and Oveysi (2015) | ||||||
2009–2010 | Varamin, Tehran | Iran | 0, 100, 200 & 300 | HVI | Slight increase in micronaire with increased N application levels | Rashidi and Gholami (2011), Hossein et al. (2014), and Seilsepour and Rashidi (2011) | ||||||
2009 | Mississippi State University | US | 0 & 100 | HVI | Slight but significant decrease in micronaire due to reduced maturity with increased N application levels | Lokhande and Reddy (2015) | ||||||
2010–2011 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 | HVI | Significant increase in micronaire up to 180 kg·ha−1 with a significant decrease above 180 kg·ha−1 | Gormus et al. (2016a) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Adana | Turkey | 0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 | HVI | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Gormus and El Sagagh (2016b) | ||||||
2011 | Torreón, Coahuila | Mexico | 0, 50, 100, & 150 | Unknown | No significant differences in micronaire with increased N application levels | Hernandes-Cruz et al. (2015) | ||||||
2011–2012 | Yellow River Delta, Hebei | China | 0, 120, 240 & 480 | HVI | Significant increase in micronaire up to 240 kg·ha−1 with a significant decrease above 240 kg·ha−1 | Chen et al. (2019) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso | Brazil | 70, 140 & 210 | HVI | Significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Echer et al. (2020) | ||||||
2012–2013 | Chapadão do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul | Brazil | 0, 40, 80, 120 & 160 | HVI | Significant decrease in micronaire with increased N application levels | Leal et al. (2020) | ||||||
2013 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 39, 67, 101, 135 & 168 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Sui et al. (2017) | ||||||
2014 | Stoneville, Mississippi | US | 0, 56, 112, 168 & 224 | HVI | Significant reduction in micronaire with increased N application levels | Sui et al. (2017) | ||||||
2013–2014 | New Delhi | India | 100, 125, 150 & 175 | Micronaire | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Verna et al. (2017) | ||||||
2016–2018 | Suffolk, Virginia | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | Small decrease in micronaire with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
2016–2017 | Lewiston-Woodside, North Carolina | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | Small decrease in micronaire with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
2018 | Yale, Virginia | US | 0, 45, 90, 135 & 180 | HVI | No clear trend with increased N application levels | McClanahan et al. (2020) | ||||||
Unknown | Gizaa | Egypt | 107 & 161 | Micronaire | Slight increase in micronaire with increased N application levels | Sawan et al. (1997) | ||||||