Table 7 Effect of N level on stickiness
From: Effect of nitrogen application level on cotton fibre quality
Year | Location | Country | N levels in kg· ha−1 | Sucking Pest | Remarks | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unknown | Greenhouse | US | Low, Medium & High | Silver whitefly | Whiteflies in a high N environment matured earlier and as a consequence also started to produce honeydew earlier | Blua and Toscano (1994) |
1992–1994 | Chillicothe, Texas | US | 0, 29, 55 & 79 | Aphid | Increased N application levels and late planting resulted in an increase in aphid population | Slosser et al. (1997) |
1997 | Shafter, California | US | 0 & 145 | Aphid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in aphid population, which were less susceptible to insecticides | Cisneros and Godfrey (1998) |
1997 | Kern County, California | US | 57 & 227 | Aphid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in aphid population | Cisneros and Godfrey (2001a) |
1998 | Kern County, California | US | 57, 136 & 227 | Aphid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in aphid population | Cisneros and Godfrey (2001a) |
1998 | Multiple sites in California | US | 0, 45, 89, 134 & 178 | Aphid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in aphid population | Godfrey et al. (1999) |
1998 | Riverside, California | US | 0, 112,168 & 224 | Silver whitefly | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increased densities of both adult and immature whiteflies with increased honeydew production | |
1999 | Riverside, California | US | 0, 112,168 & 224 | Silver whitefly | Increased N application levels significantly increased the number of adult whiteflies on both early and late planted cotton. This may reduce photosynthetic rates | |
1999 | Multiple sites in California | US | 0,45, 89,134 & 178 | Aphid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in aphid population | Godfrey (2000) |
2000 | Kern County, California | US | 0, 45, 89,134,178 & 223 | Aphid | Increased N level alters the cotton aphid at the individual level stimulating the aphid fecundity and hastening the insect development to the reproductive stages. This may promote higher aphid populations in cotton | Cisneros and Godfrey (2001b) |
2004 | Vehari, Punjab | Pakistan | 50,100,150 & 200 | Jassid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in jassid population | Ahmed et al. (2007) |
2004 | Vehari, Punjab | Pakistan | 50,100,150 & 200 | Whitefly | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in whitefly population | Ahmed et al. (2007) |
2004 | Vehari, Punjab | Pakistan | 50,100,150 & 200 | Thrips | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Ahmed et al. (2007) |
2013 | Lam, Guntur | India | 0, 120, 150, 180, 225, 280, 350 & 440 | Aphid | Significant increase in aphid population above 120 kg·ha−1 | Anusha et al. (2017) |
2013 | Lam, Guntur | India | 0, 120, 150, 180, 225, 280, 350 & 440 | Leaf hopper | Significant increase in leaf hopper population above 120 kg·ha−1 | Anusha et al. (2017) |
2016–2018 | Halfa, Algadidah | Sudan | 44, 88 & 131 | Whitefly | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in whitefly population | Fadlelmawla et al. (2021b) |
2016–2018 | Halfa, Algadidah | Sudan | 44, 88 & 131 | Jassid | Increased N application levels resulted in significantly increase in jassid population | Fadlelmawla et al. (2021b) |
2016–2018 | Halfa, Algadidah | Sudan | 44, 88 & 131 | Mealybug | No clear trend with increased N application levels | Fadlelmawla et al. (2021b) |
2018 | Halfa, Algadidah | Sudan | 44, 88 & 131 | Whitefly | No significant changes in aphid population with increased N application levels | Fadlelmawla et al. (2021b) |