Table 4 Biological parameter (means ± standard error) recorded on various types of larval diets of Pectinophora gossypiella under laboratory conditions

1

Larval longevity /d

19.68 ± 0.05^a

16.48 ± 0.09^b

16.15 ± 0.79^b

19.48 ± 0.20^a

10.48 ± 0.16^d

10.48 ± 0.16^d

13.10 ± 0.28^c

2

Larval weight /mg

20.18 ± 0.20^b

18.11 ± 0.07^cd

16.52 ± 0.06^d

17.18 ± 0.03^d

26.51 ± 1.07^a

20.08 ± 0.03^b

19.56 ± 0.14^bc

3

Pupal weight /mg

17.24 ± 0.03^c

15.52 ± 0.09^d

14.53 ± 0.08^f

15.23 ± 0.02^e

20.13 ± 0.05^a

18.39 ± 0.05^b

17.14 ± 0.06^c

4

Pupae formation /%

84.00 ± 4.00^ab

64.00 ± 4.00^b

80.00 ± 6.32^ab

68^.00 ± 8.00^b

96.00 ± 4.00^a

72.00 ± 4.90^b

76.00 ± 4.00^ab

5

Pupal duration /d

7.76 ± 0.06^b

8.53 ± 0.03^a

7.68 ± 0.21^b

8.62 ± 0.05^a

7.73 ± 0.03^b

8.64 ± 0.03^a

8.02 ± 0.12^b

6

Adult emergence /%

76.00 ± 1.00^ab

75.00 ± 6.45^ab

57.67 ± 8.68^b

90.00 ± 6.12^a

88.00 ± 4.90^a

78.33 ± 5.65^ab

88.33 ± 7.26^a

7

Male life span /d

40.25 ± 0.10^d

38.43 ± 0.02^f

42.38 ± 0.04^a

40.90 ± 0.02^c

36.80 ± 0.05^g

41.44 ± 0.01^b

38.93 ± 0.03^e

8

Female life span /d

44.34 ± 0.11^f

46.77 ± 0.07^de

48.56 ± 0.19^c

50.24 ± 0.08^b

41.25 ± 0.07^g

48.23 ± 0.06^cd

54.46 ± 0.03^a

9

Fecundity /(eggs·female^−1·d−1

21.28 ± 0.04^b

18.32 ± 0.09^d

14.54 ± 0.04^f

12.21 ± 0.02^g

16.55 ± 0.19^e

22.26 ± 0.01^a

19.22 ± 0.07^c

10

Egg viability /%

65.78 ± 0.14^e

76.41 ± 0.37^c

96.29 ± 0.27^b

98.31 ± 0.14^a

67.68 ± 0.60^d

49.42 ± 0.02^g

57.22 ± 0.20^f

11

Larval mortality /%

37.20 ± 1.36^de

40.80 ± 0.49^bc

43.60 ± 0.40^ab

34.40 ± 0.40^e

39.60 ± 0.75^cd

45.20 ± 0.49^a

12.80 ± 0.49^f

12

Larval pupation /%

62.80 ± 1.36^c

59.20 ± 0.49^e

56.40 ± 0.40^f

65.60 ± 0.40^b

60.40 ± 0.75^d

54.80 ± 0.49^g

87.20 ± 0.49^a

13

Deformed pupation /%

12.00 ± 1.41^a

6.80 ± 0.49^d

12.00 ± 0.63^a

10.80 ± 0.80^b

7.60 ± 0.40^c

5.20 ± 0.49^e

2.40 ± 0.40^d